Decreased bone density, also known as osteopenia or osteoporosis, is a common condition characterized by gradual thinning and weakening of the bones. This happens when bone tissue is broken down faster than the body can replace it.
Over time, decreased bone density can lead to an increased risk of fractures and breaks. Even minor bumps or falls can cause serious injuries in people with advanced osteoporosis.
There are several factors that can contribute to decreased bone density, including:
In the early stages of decreased bone density, there are usually no obvious symptoms. That's why regular screening is important, especially for postmenopausal women and seniors over age 65.
As osteoporosis advances, some indicators may include:
There are specialized tests that measure bone mineral density (BMD) to diagnose osteopenia or osteoporosis:
Based on DXA results, a doctor can determine a T-score, which compares the patient's BMD to that of a healthy young adult. T-scores between -1 and -2.5 indicate osteopenia, while scores below -2.5 confirm osteoporosis.
While there is no cure for decreased bone density, certain treatments can strengthen bones and reduce fracture risks, including:
The key is early evaluation and proactive management before advanced bone loss can occur. With proper testing and treatment, most people can stabilize or slightly reverse decreases in bone density.